The Challenge Facing Managed Care Organizations

The best test for oversaw care associations (MCOs) in our present time is the means by which to get lower estimated clinical charges. As we as a whole know, American medicinal services ought to basically be a not-for-profit endeavor. In any case, the privatization of American human services holds that social insurance when all is said in done and clinics specifically are progressively working on a revenue driven premise. Truth be told, the revenue driven medical clinic part has represented a generally steady offer (around 15 percent) of emergency clinic beds in the course of the most recent twenty years (Morrisson, 1999). This is the reason as of late the U.S. Congress attempts to push more â€Å"consumer-directed† wellbeing plan alternatives to stay away from destitute oversaw care associations (MCOs) to support their deductibles, raise premiums and even oppose government law by approving arrangement holders to purchase physician endorsed drugs from minimal effort sellers in Canada (Smith, 23 September 2004). Overseen care associations (MCOs) frequently apply the customary expense for-administration models, which don't give sufficient money related controls and usage motivations for doctors and medical clinics to contain the expenses of giving human services. Under oversaw care, the necessities of the patients are offset with endeavors to give financially savvy care. Ordinarily, MCOs enlist endorsers by promising to give all important clinical consideration in return for a fixed month to month premium. The MCO likewise contracts with emergency clinics, doctors, and other medicinal services suppliers to administer the vital clinical consideration to its enrollees at a limited repayment rate. In return for tolerating diminished charges, the guardians access the MCO’s enrolees (Kirby, Sebastian and Hornberger, 1998). An issue with oversaw care is that businesses who offer a wellbeing upkeep association (HMO) to their workers frequently pay the premium as long as the HMO premium was not higher than the expense for-administration premium. This conduct by bosses makes twisted impetuses for the HMO in controlling its expenses. Enthoven (1993) proposed that this motivation bending can be revised when businesses configuration better options for their boss commitments. The business could contribute a fixed-dollar sum for medical coverage with the worker paying the full contrast between plans. The more noteworthy the bit of the peripheral premium paid by the representatives is, the more grounded the motivating force is to pick lower-cost plans. For instance, if the business pays 80 percent of the premium and the worker pays the rest of, the representative pays just 20 percent of the contrast between the low (let’s assume here) HMO premium and the higher charge for-administration premium. HMOs and other oversaw care game plans are sorted out on a prepayment premise that show up in a wide assortment of structures. A HMO could employ doctors on a pay, contract with a prior gathering practice of doctors, or agreement with doctors who keep up a charge for-administration practice. As indicated by Luft (1991), â€Å"Because explicit social, legitimate, chronicled, political, and financial parts of the clinical consideration condition have molded conveyance frameworks, for example, the HMO, it isn't sensible to expect that the commonplace HMO could be transplanted unblemished to another country† (p. 173). The way to HMO cost reserve funds is the organization’s wide scope of clinical administrations, both inpatient and outpatient. Along these lines, the HMO can get the cost reserve funds suggested by diminished emergency clinic use. This might be hard to oversee in frameworks where there are discrete financing components for essential consideration doctors and inpatient care. As Luft (1991, p. 180) comments. â€Å"If there were no real way to move assets from the ‘hospital side’ to the ‘physician side,’ it is hard to compensate clinical leaders for the advancement of more savvy practice styles.† This is the reason three regions seem to offer a greatness of chances where MCOs can help patients, these are wandering consideration, psychological wellness and the elective treatments. Right off the bat, mobile consideration delicate conditions mirror the quality and accessibility of essential consideration administrations, since they are promptly treatable without the requirement for hospitalization. There are contrasts in the hospitalization rate for mobile consideration delicate conditions. Shenkman et al. (2005) had demonstrated that claim to fame mobile consideration is significant for some youngsters with incessant conditions. In any case, access to such mind might be compelled inside oversaw care conditions. The utilization of essential consideration suppliers (PCPs) as guardians for oversaw care associations (MCOs) is one regularly utilized procedure to control claim to fame care use. Investigations of the effect of gatekeeping on kids' receipt of claim to fame care have brought about blended discoveries. A few investigations discovered more claim to fame care use in gatekeeping MCOs, contrasted and non-gatekeeping MCOs. Different analysts found that the supplanting of a gatekeeping framework with an open-get to show expanded forte visits among a gathering of kids with constant conditions. In spite of the fact that the attention on gatekeeping all in all yields some significant data, MCOs utilize numerous different techniques associatively with their PCP guardians, for example, capitated installments, money related motivating forces, and earlier approval methods. The utilization of these associative procedures may meet the novel needs of kids with interminable conditions, including their requirement for claim to fame doctor care. Then again, oversaw care had been huge supporter on conveyance frameworks for psychological well-being administrations. Taylor et al. (2001) had shown that immediate and aberrant influence to give more financially savvy medicines has been one result. The cost-sparing characteristics and the adequacy of gathering mediations have created away from for an expanded utilization of treatment gatherings. In the exploration of Taylor et al. (2001), they thought about observations and employments of gathering medicines on a national example of oversaw care associations and emotional well-being suppliers. Ramifications of contrasts and similitudes between executives of oversaw care associations and treatment suppliers are analyzed and talked about across five reaction classes (commonality/preparing apparent adequacy, probability of repayment/referral, day by day use and desire for sometime later). Taylor et al (2001) supported the methodology where MCOs align treatment referral/repayment choices. As of late distributed examination result considers and meta-investigations can and ought to exactly manage the current treatment conveying frameworks. Ultimately, many oversaw care associations have just started to incorporate integral and elective clinical treatments (CAM) with traditional clinical suppliers. Clinical specialists are committed to survey CAM treatment with patients. Elective treatments expect experts to reconsider staff competency, tolerant appraisal, and patient-centered consideration. Clinical pioneers must comprehend CAM patterns and treatments to all the more likely coordinate these ideas into social insurance strategy, principles of care, and moral choices (Parkman, 2001). Among mobile consideration and psychological well-being care, elective treatments, or CAM, offers the most great and cost-proficient procedure for MCOs. This is on the grounds that the maturing â€Å"baby boom† age is starting to encounter constant however non-perilous conditions, for example, joint torment, cerebral pains and menopause-related objections and they are eager to investigate choices other than physician recommended drugs. For wellbeing plans, the fascination of offering elective consideration items lies in holding and pulling in new individuals, expanding their administrations from rivals in a blocked oversaw care advertise and in endeavors to address current or proposed state commands (West, 1997). In 1997 alone, costs for proficient administrations were $21.2 billion, a 45% expansion over the prior 1990 information. Costs for proficient administrations, herbals, nutrients, diet items, books, and classes totaled $27 billion. Five studies directed since 1990 have revealed visit utilization of CAM, extending from 30% to 73% by patients experiencing conditions, for example, cardiovascular malady, malignant growth, joint inflammation, HIV and AIDS, numerous sclerosis, and ceaseless musculoskeletal torment. Besides, the interest for CAM by the overall population is expanding, regardless of the way that its utilization is to a great extent paid by purchasers without inclusion by outsider payers. In 1997, Americans spent an expected $13 billion for visits to CAM suppliers and an extra $2 billion for business diet supplements and over-the-counter megavitamins (Pelletier and Astin, 2002). Overseen care ought concentrate on cost reserve funds, however they ought to likewise investigate broadening their administrations. MCOs have for the most part added to the decrease in the U.S. wellbeing cost development rate. Their potential will keep on being constrained to the degree that businesses neglect to offer genuine budgetary points of interest to customers who pick the minimal effort wellbeing plans. In this manner, more changes in the arrangements ought to be checked on and modified with the goal that more individuals could profit by the quality social insurance everybody merits. References Enthoven, A.C. (1993). The History and Principles of Managed Competition. Wellbeing Affairs, supplement, 24-48. Kirby, E.G., Sebastian, J.G. what's more, Hornberger, K.D. (1998, Jan/Feb). The Effect of Normative Social powers on Managed Care Organizations: Implications for Strategic administration/Practitioner Response. Diary of Healthcare Management. 43(1):81-106. Luft, H. (1991). Deciphering the U.S. HMO Experience to Other Health System. Wellbeing Affairs 10:172-186. Morrison, I. (1999). Human services in the New Millennium. NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Parkman, C. (2001, February). Elective Therapies Are Here to Stay. Nursing Management, 32(2): 36-40. Pelletier, K.R. also, Astin, J.A. (2002, Jan/Feb). Combination and Reimbursement of Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Managed Care and Insurance Providers: 2000 Update and Cohort Analysis. Elective Ther

Clear writing is dangerous - Emphasis

Clear composing is hazardous Clear composing is hazardous Clear composing is hazardous composition. In the event that you alter out all the cushioning and arrive at the point, you may really say something, and this can be very unsettling. All things considered, you might not have any desire to be intense and stick your head over the parapet. You may be comfortable with a shapeless style. This is a dubious issue. Numerous individuals might want their association to create records and messages that are more clear and increasingly concise. In any case, not every one of their partners may share this desire. They may offer empty talk to the thought, yet think that its harder to go along or feel that progressively mind boggling language loans an air of polished skill to their subject. Composing abilities preparing can help, to a degree. Up to an association picks a decent supplier, staff will figure out how to plan and structure their considerations, center around their perusers advantages and compose all the more clearly in a connecting with style. This causes them feel increasingly sure and exposes a significant number of the unhelpful legends they may have run over at school and college. Regularly individuals experience what nearly sums to a strict change, as the scales tumble from their eyes and they understand how compelling business composing can be. However when they return to the workplace, the language of a large number of the individuals they connect with won't have changed (on the off chance that they havent been on or authorized the course) and the current culture may mean its hard to incorporate their new abilities. (A style guide can help.) The greater part of the composed archives they see will be in a style they will presently feel needs evolving. Yet, on the off chance that its their line chief whos composing it, that represents the more recalcitrant issue of how to go up against this. Be intense Once in a while its not people but rather the way of life of the whole association that disrupts the general flow. In spite of the fact that its kin may perceive the requirement for change, and even welcome it at first, its very simple to slip over into those natural old propensities or be upheld into them by negative criticism. Along these lines, be striking, urge your partners to take a gander at their previously established inclinations about language, particularly from your perusers perspective, and on the off chance that they appear to be truly stuck, send them on a decent composing abilities course. Snap here to get some answers concerning our preparation.

Morphine Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment

Morphine Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment Addiction Coping and Recovery Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Morphine Last? By Corinne O’Keefe Osborn linkedin Corinne Osborn is an award-winning health and wellness journalist with a background in substance abuse, sexual health, and psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Corinne O’Keefe Osborn Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 10, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 23, 2019 More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs and Symptoms Coping and Relief Warnings Long-Term Treatment Resources View All Back To Top Morphine is a prescription narcotic, naturally derived from opium, used in the treatment of moderate to severe pain. Morphine was long used exclusively by injection, but today it can be found in a number of different forms. It is most commonly found in hospitals, where doctors use it to treat patients who have undergone surgery, suffered a serious injury, or experienced other forms of severe pain. Morphine is also available from the pharmacy, where it can be found as a generic or under brand names like MS-Contin, Oramorph SR, MSIR, Roxanol, Kadian, and RMS. Overview Morphine is highly addicting. Anyone using it for a prolonged period of time will develop a tolerance to its pain-relieving effects. Tolerance leads quickly to physical dependence. Once your body becomes dependent on the presence of morphine, it forgets how to operate normally without it. That means that when you take it away, your body is going to get mad. During morphine withdrawal, you can expect to feel like you’ve caught a bad flu. Most people begin experiencing symptoms 8 to 24 hours after their last dose. Early symptoms will probably include sweating, chills, and runny nose. As your withdrawal symptoms worsen, you can expect insomnia, muscle cramps, diarrhea, and nausea.     Of course, withdrawal is different for everyone. Some people experience relatively mild symptoms, while others experience intense discomfort. Your withdrawal experience will depend on a variety of factors, including but not limited to, the  way  you’ve been using opioids.   Physical dependence on a drug can quickly lead to psychological dependence and addiction, especially if you’ve been misusing your prescription. In 2017,  national survey data showed that more than 500,000 people had misused morphine within the last year.       If you are among the population of people who take morphine illicitly, take larger doses then you’re supposed to, or take it more often then you should, then it’s possible that your dependence has developed into a substance use disorder. Substance use disorders can complicate withdrawal, adding powerful emotions like guilt, shame, and hopelessness to an already difficult process. Signs and Symptoms Morphine withdrawal can be very uncomfortable. Most people experience a variety of physical symptoms that can range in severity from mild to severe. Severe symptoms may be beyond unpleasant, but they are rarely dangerous. To get a better idea of the range of possible symptoms, you may want to take a look at the  COWS withdrawal scale. This is a tool that doctors and nurses use to diagnose people who come in with opioid withdrawal symptoms. Keep in mind that this is for diagnostic purposes, so it is not predictive of your experience. You may experience all of the symptoms outlined here, or only one or two.   Morphine withdrawal typically follows a bell curve (which looks like a little rounded hilltop)â€"symptoms get progressively worse, peak, and then decrease. Symptoms usually begin within 8 to 12 hours of your last dose. Withdrawal can come on more slowly if you are using an extended-release version or a different extended-release opioid. Symptoms grow progressively worse over the course of the next two days until reaching their peak around day two or three. The most severe symptoms should only last about one day. After that, your symptoms will begin to decrease, before resolving completely around day five. Common morphine withdrawal symptoms include: Muscle aches and painFlu-like feelingSweatingRunny noseChillsNausea or vomitingCramping or diarrhea  Insomnia or disturbed sleepTeary eyesTremorsAnxiety or restlessness  GoosefleshHeart poundingAgitationSkin-crawling The acute (immediate) symptoms of opioid withdrawal rarely last longer than one week, but that doesn’t mean you’re out of the woods completely. There is a longer-lasting withdrawal syndrome, known as protracted withdrawal, that affects some people for as long as six months after their last dose. Protracted withdrawal is much less severe than acute withdrawal, and it tends to be more psychological than physical. Symptoms of protracted opioid withdrawal include: DepressionLow energy levels  A low tolerance for stress (short fuse)  Trouble sleepingThe inability to experience pleasure from anything  Problems with memory or concentrationIrritability or agitation Coping and Relief Although quitting morphine is never easy, there are many ways to manage and prevent the symptoms of withdrawal. Trying to quit cold turkey is never a good idea. It is rarely successful and causes unnecessary suffering. Instead, you should work with your current doctor or an addiction specialist to develop a detox plan.   If you have been taking morphine for pain and decide you want to stop, you should talk to your doctor about tapering down your dose. When you taper your morphine dose, you take progressively smaller doses over the course of several weeks or months. Depending on your situation, your doctor may reduce your dose once per week or every few weeks. By gradually reducing your dose, you give your body time to adjust to the absence of morphine.   If you have been misusing opioids, shown signs of addiction, or experienced other complicating factors, then you should consider using an opioid withdrawal medication like methadone or buprenorphine. Methadone and buprenorphine (the active ingredient in Suboxone) are long-acting opioids that can relieve the symptoms of withdrawal without getting you high.   Both opioid taper and opioid replacement therapy can help you avoid the brunt of opioid withdrawal and help reduce your risk of relapse, but they are not a withdrawal cure. It is not uncommon to have symptoms of withdrawal at different points when your dose is reduced. Withdrawal symptoms can also arise as your body adjusts to a new medication. Fortunately, there are several prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications that can treat the symptoms directly. These include:   Loperamide:  An OTC drug that treats diarrhea.  Ondansetron:  A prescription drug that treats nausea and vomiting.  Benzodiazepines:  Prescription drugs that treat symptoms of anxiety and agitation.  Acetaminophen or ibuprofen:  OTC drugs like Tylenol and Advil that can treat muscle aches and headaches.Antihistamines:  OTC drugs like Benadryl (not the non-drowsy types) can help you get a good night’s sleep.   There are a few other medications used to treat opioid withdrawal, reduce cravings, and prevent relapse. These include: Clonidine: A hypertension drug commonly prescribed off-label to treat opioid withdrawal symptoms. It is available as a pill or a transdermal patch.  Naltrexone: A medication that helps prevent relapse in the long-term by blocking the euphoric effects of opioids. It’s available as a pill or monthly injection.    Lucemyra (lofexidine hydrochloride): A brand-new, non-opioid medication that is FDA approved to treat most opioid withdrawal symptoms. It is available by prescription to take during the first two weeks after your last dose of opioids.   Warnings If you are planning to stop using morphine in the near future, there are a few things you should be aware of. Most healthy adults will be safe detoxing from morphine at home, but some people are better off under the direct supervision of a doctor. If your health is impaired due to cancer, surgery, or chronic disease, then you may want to consider an inpatient detox program. The same is true for people with a history of serious mental illness or suicidality. Inpatient detox involves living at a facility full-time for the duration of your treatment (about five days for detox only). It can take place in a hospital or a specialty addiction treatment center. Constant supervision by medical professionals can help prevent complications and ease discomfort.   If you have become pregnant while using morphine or other opioids, then you may also benefit from supervised detox. If you plan on following through with your pregnancy, then you will need to carefully transition to methadone. Morphine is not safe to use during pregnancy, but morphine withdrawal isn’t safe either. A stable dose of methadone throughout your pregnancy is generally considered to be the  safest option for mother and baby. If you are interested in pursuing inpatient treatment, the best place to start is with your insurance company. Most private insurers cover addiction treatment, as do most state and federal insurance programs. Be sure to ask which services are covered and for how long (three days, three months, etc.). You can find the phone number of your insurer on the back of your insurance card. If you don’t have insurance, don’t worry. There are many treatment centers that offer a sliding scale payment plan for those in need.     One last warning, before we move on. Many lay people have been touting the possibilities of the botanical drug kratom as a treatment for opioid withdrawal. Currently, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that kratom helps people beat opioid addiction. In 2018, after gathering the most up-to-date scientific research available, the  FDA issued a warning against kratom use. They found that kratom is essentially an opioid, which means that it can also lead to tolerance and addiction. Further, the potential side effects of kratom are not well understood and  kratom-related deaths are on the rise. To be safe, you should avoid kratom until the scientific community learns more about its safety. Kratom Uses and Side Effects Long-Term Treatment For some people, recovery from opioid dependence is a long-term, ongoing process. The best long-term treatment for you will depend on a few key factors, namely the presence of addiction and its severity. Some of the hallmarks of opioid addiction include: continuing to use drugs despite the negative consequences of your drug usespending excessive amounts of time using drugs or recovering from their effectsspending excessive amounts of time thinking about your next dose or how to get it  failing to meet your responsibilities at home, work, or school  experiencing intense cravings that interfere with your life  trying to quit but being unable to The  evidence overwhelmingly shows that once a moderate to severe opioid use disorder has developed, tapering without the support of medications is ineffective.  Evidence-based treatment for opioid use disorder includes a combination of medication and behavioral therapy. This means using medications like methadone or Suboxone in combination with talk therapy.  Research has found that combining therapy and medication works better than medication alone.   The goal of long-term treatment is to prevent relapse, so the best treatment is the one that you can commit to. In the year following your last dose, your treatment schedule should be vigilant. You should plan to work with a doctor to receive buprenorphine or attend a methadone clinic once per day. This should be combined with talk therapy and support group meetings.   Your talk therapy can take place with a therapist, addiction counselor, psychologist, or psychiatrist. Some people prefer one-on-one therapy, whereas others enjoy group therapy sessions. Long-term treatment can take place in a residential or outpatient setting.   As you stabilize yourself, physically and psychologically, you will be able to scale back on your treatment. You may find that 12-step meetings work well for you.   Resources To find a doctor or therapist who specializes in opioid use disorders, you can use this searchable directory from the  Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) or call SAMHSA’s national helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357).   To find a doctor near you who is certified to prescribe buprenorphine, check out this  searchable directory. To learn more about Narcotics Anonymous (NA) check out their  website. You can find a meeting near you with their  searchable directory. A Word From Verywell   Whatever your reason for taking morphine, or for stopping it, withdrawal is inevitableâ€"unless you seek treatment. Don’t let shame prevent you from reaching out. Morphine is an incredibly addicting drug and your doctor will understand. In fact, your doctor will probably be downright thrilled that you are feeling well enough to stop your morphine and move on to the next stage of your life.   How Long Does Morphine Stay in Your System?

The Wage Discrimination Between A Man And A Woman

Research paper Discrimination can be dealt through many different aspects I will talk about the wage discrimination between a man and a women. I am for women getting equal pay as men because women can have the same qualifications if not better than their male counterparts and are still underpaid in most workplace settings. Through the years women have been underpaid by their male counterparts in society. Women should get equal pay as men because women may be just as qualified or overqualified as them in the workplace society. This paper will explain what wage discrimination is, how it affects women today, and how to improvise and possibly eliminate the situation. Since women got the right to vote in 1921 they have been underestimated by†¦show more content†¦Another thing to point out is that more women are graduating with college degrees than men in a recent study it showed how fifty seven percent of people in college were women as opposed to male. Recently â€Å"President Obama is trying to get the senate to pass the Paycheck Fairness Act to make it easier for women to defend themselves against gender discrimination.† Also the Equal Rights Amendment is also trying to work itself into play to help our generations women against such discrimination. Women should get equal pay as men because women may be just as qualified as men and get paid less as male. â€Å"From last years Census Bureau the wage gap between a teenage male and a teenage female was twenty two percent stimulating that a female earns twenty two cents less than the male in a full time job setting.† When you factor in other stipulations the gap may be lowe r but it still exists this is the problem at hand. In technology areas the pay gap between men and women 2,500 and if that woman has a child then the gap goes up to 11,000. Women deserve higher pay in society do same amount of work as men. Depending on a woman s marital status, education, how many hours worked, age, and area of location the wage gap can be between seven and twelve percent.Yes, women have progressed to reduce this percentage but they need to work much harder to prove themselves in this male

Coping Mechanism Disparity Between Men and Women After a...

Coping Mechanism Disparity between Men and Women after a Breakup It can be distressing when serious relationships come to an end, especially if one or both parties have put in so much love and devotion into the relationship. The people after this incident encountered complicated challenges of disentanglement with their previous mate, they had negative feelings about the overall situation, and bound themselves the need to let go and move forward in life, distracted from their pain. According to the article Surviving A Relationship Break-Up,† Surviving a relationship breakup can be one of the most difficult things people ever do and on an emotional level can be one of the most painful processes in our lives. Losing a boyfriend/girlfriend†¦show more content†¦If they want to change that, then they should change the way they deal with their emotions. Even though this research shows that men are the ones who suffer lovesickness after a break up, very few men will actually admit to being that distraught over a break up. They hide behind things that are deemed male dominant by society. Women and men will always handle break ups in ways that work for their genders. For some women, it might just be a night on the town to cure her sadness. And hey, – maybe there is a man out there who appreciates a sappy romance movie. People shouldn’t be judged by how much emotion they show, but by how they handle difficult and painful situations. Works Cited * Maertz, Dr. Kim. . Surviving A Relationship Break-Up- Top 20 Strategies. University of Alberta. lt;http://www.mentalhealth.ualberta.ca/en/~/media/gt;. * Choo, Patricia, Timothy Levine, and Elaine Haftfield. â€Å"Gender, Love Schemas, and Reactions to Romantic Break-Ups.† Journal of Social Behavior amp; Personality: Handbook of Gender Research Vol. 11 No. 5. 1996 lt;http://www.elainehatfield.com/96.pdfgt;. * Chatel, Amanda. â€Å"It’s Science: Men Suffer From Lovesickness More Than Women.† 2014Show MoreRelatedEssay about Chronic Sorrow4578 Words   |  19 PagesLosses come in many forms both large and small, such as loss of a job, a home, a way of life, a relationship, or loss of a significant other, spouse, family member or even a pet. The perception of the event, the situational supports, and the coping mechanisms all influence return of equilibrium or homeostasis. A person either advances or regresses as a result of the crisis, depending upon how the person manages the crisis (Potter Perry, 2009). Experiencing a loss can trigger the grief processRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHartman Strom, Political Woman: Florence Luscomb and the Legacy of Radical Reform Michael Adas, ed., Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History Jack Metzgar, Striking Steel: Solidarity Remembered Janis Appier, Policing Women: The Sexual Politics of Law Enforcement and the LAPD Allen Hunter, ed., Rethinking the Cold War Eric Foner, ed., The New American History. Revised and Expanded Edition E SSAYS ON _ T WENTIETH- C ENTURY H ISTORY Edited by MichaelRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesChange 20 †¢ Coping with â€Å"Temporariness† 20 †¢ Working in Networked Organizations 20 †¢ Helping Employees Balance Work–Life Conflicts 21 †¢ Creating a Positive Work Environment 22 †¢ Improving Ethical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men AttackingRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesof Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Line and Staff Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 Coordination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Coordinating Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 9—The Structure of Organizations—Today and in the Future. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Article mintzberg Free Essays

The product, called Smarter, dramatically reduced weed growth in potted lands and simultaneously provided important nutrients – all with no chemicals. Smarter raw materials and manufacturing expertise were available in China and India. As the company grew, the managers and board members talked frequently about organization structure. We will write a custom essay sample on Article mintzberg or any similar topic only for you Order Now Two schools of thought emerged. One group wanted to import raw materials into the U. S. For manufacturing by WAR and thereby have direct control over manufacturing, marketing, and sales. These functions would be departments within WAR. The second group wanted to import already manufactured ND packaged products from overseas, outsource marketing to an agency, and hire a horticulture distribution company to handle sales. The second group pushed the concept that no one within the company would ever touch the product. Nor would there be functional departments for manufacturing, marketing, and sales. That discussion of structure within WAR would not have occurred 30 years ago when Robert Duncan published his seminal article, ‘What is the Right Organization Structure? ‘ in Organization Dynamics in 1979. At that time, organizations were thought to be solidification, and structure defined the porting relationships among internal functional departments. Dunce’s article provided important insights about the conditions under which different internal arrangements would achieve a company’s mission. His insights are still referenced in management textbooks today. The purpose of this article is to present key developments in organization structure and design that have occurred since Dunce’s article and describe when each can be used for greatest effect. We will briefly review the important structural designs from 30 years ago and then describe key developments since that time. The concepts are organized into three eras, which reflect substantive changes in management thinking from vertical organization to horizontal organizing to open boundaries via outsourcing and partnering.The first era of organizational design probably took hold in the mid-asses, and was dominant until the late asses. In Era 1, the ideal organization was self-contained. It had clear boundaries between it and suppliers, customers or competitors. Inputs arrived at the organization’s gate, and after a transformation process, left as a completed product or service. Almost everything that was required during the transformation process was supplied internally. Design philosophies from this era emphasized the need to adapt to different environmental and internal contingencies and the ability to control the different parts of the organization 329 through reporting relationships in a vertical chain of command. The structure of self-contained organizations can be thought of as: (1) the grouping of people into functions or departments; (2) the reporting relationships among people and departments; and (3) the systems to ensure coordination and integration of activities tooth horizontally and vertically. The structures of this era, including functional, division, and matrix designs, rely largely on the vertical hierarchy and chain of command to define departmental groupings and reporting relationships. Functional In a functional structure, activities are grouped together by common function from the bottom to the top of the organization. Each functional activity – accounting, engineering, human resources, manufacturing, etc. – is grouped into a specific department. Most small companies use this structure, as do many large government organizations ND divisions of large companies. Divisional The divisional structure occurs when departments are grouped together based on organizational outputs. The divisional structure is sometimes called a product structure or profit center. Most large companies have separate divisions that use different technologies or serve different customers. People within each division have more product focus, accountability, and flexibility than would be the case if they were part of a huge functional structure. For example, United Technologies Corporation (UTC), which is among the 50 largest U. S. Industrial rims, has product divisions for air-conditioning and heating (Carrier), elevators and escalators (Otis), aircraft engines (Pratt Whitney), helicopters (Scissors), and aerospace (Hamilton Suntanned), among others. Each division acts like a stand-alone company, doing its own product development, marketing, and finance. 330 Horizontal Overlays and Matrix Few organizations can be successful today with a pure functional structure, because the resulting functional or divisional silos inhibit the amount of coordination needed in a changing competitive environment. Organizations break down silos by using a variety of horizontal linkage mechanisms to improve communication among departments and divisions. These coordination relationships are often drawn on organization charts as dotted lines. Many organizations use full-time product managers, project managers, or brand managers, to coordinate the work of several departments. The brand manager for Planters Peanuts, for example, serves as an integrator by coordinating the sales, advertising, and distribution for that product. General Motors Corp.. Has brand managers who are integrators responsible for marketing and ales strategies for each of Gem’s new models. Organizations that need even stronger horizontal coordination may evolve to a matrix structure. The matrix combines a vertical structure with an equally strong horizontal overlay. While the vertical structure provides traditional control within functional departments, the horizontal overlay provides coordination across departments to achieve profit goals. This structure has lines of formal authority along two dimensions, such as functional and product or product and region. Some employees report to two bosses simultaneously. For example, after a regional racketing promotion went $10 million over budget, Nikkei Inc. Managers engineered a matrix structure that assigned dual responsibility by product and region to manage the introduction of new products each year. How to cite Article mintzberg, Papers

Cancer Staging and Bucket List free essay sample

Knowing your death in order to make a bucket list. In this argument im going to argue that you do need to know your death date to make a efficient bucket list. Useing the book The five people you meet in heaven, and also the movie The bucket list. Im going to give prime examples and reasoning from these two in order to create this argumentive paper. In the book The five people you meet in heaven there is the main character named Eddie, Eddie is a war vet and currently works at Ruby pier. His whole like he wanted to do somthing with his life and not end up like his abusive father and work at ruby pier his wole life. Eddie woudl always tell his mother about the dreams he has for when he grows up but his father would always laugh and counter attack his thoughts. We will write a custom essay sample on Cancer Staging and Bucket List or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page His dream was to be a mechanic. (? ) He met His later to be wife Marguerite (ch 1) at ruby pier. When he grew up and married marguerite after the war she wanted a baby to start there lifes (165), But Eddie was always scared to have a child. They planned on adopting one but Eddie backed out of it. So just by the few things it shows that Eddie has a hard time with going through with things like his goal in life and having a child. I think if Eddie would have made a bucket list of things to do before he died he would have had alot more funnier healthy life, because after his wife died he had nothing but the pier and thats not the way to spend your final years of your life. And becasue he did not know he was going to die at the time given he was always like well I have the next day to think of a bucket list theres no rush, Im not going anywhere. So I think it just shows for Him that he just pushed it off because his death date was a question mark, And if he would have knew a time line then I think he would have headed in the direction of Edward and Carter. For the movie The bucket list, there was the rich Edward who had every thing and then thier was carter who didnt have much but he had enough hope and love from his family. They were both hit with cancer and of course edward had done about anything you could think off so hes not the one that created the bucket list, but it was carter because he wanted the rest of his life to mean somthing and not just stay at home surrounded by people crying and not doing anything with the rest of his time left. So by knowing his death he was able to think of a bucket list of things hes wanted to do, and edward decided to do these things. If they didnt know they had the cancer or were told it woulndt kill you Id doubt they would consider doing the bucket list only because Carter would think he has more time with his family to spend because hes not going to die. And edward would have just went to being the same people who he was. So I think just by knowing you have a time line is very crucial it gives you the proper motivation to create and go through with the bucket list. And its not like carter was the only one that got somthing out of the whole thing, because of Carter edward was able to see his daughter who he hasnt seen in years before he passed away so Cater gave edward somthing to remember as well. My own personal Story to back up why it takes you to know the time line of your death to create a bucket list is about my mother. My mother was hit with lung cancer stage 4, this happened out of the blue. They told my mom and us what her time line was but there was always hope that the time line would get pushed back, I think She should have made a bucket list but on the other hand money was a problem so With Edward and Carter Edward was the reason the bucket list went through because he could support it. So really theres alot of other facters that come into the bucket list because not everything is free. But she did have one wish during christmas was to go to Clifton Mills to see all the lights and she was able to do that and even if its one thing or 5 things on the bucket list you can complete I think it changes everything. Im sure edward would have been happy to be a Mechanic for just 5 days. So my Arugment is based on knowing your death time line in order to make and go through with a bucket list, because if you dont know you always will say I have the next day and so on. Maybe you could consider your life how it went was a bucket list, Only you could be the judge.

s In The Closet.

Free Essays on Skeleton\'s In The Closet. Skeletons in the closet It is the year 2112 and the incurable ‘kills all’ disease plagues the world. The disease attacks all forms of life and has spread at such a fast rate that nobody has been able to find a cure. Scientists attempting to find a cure for the disease are more susceptible to catching the disease; this has caused mass hysteria, especially in what remains of the United States of America. People are confined to sealed buildings and old bomb shelters, as the disease has not yet been reported to pass through solid walls. The disease however can pass through cracks in walls having a devastating effect, as it wipes out the large numbers of people that have packed into the building or shelter in a matter of minutes. Human, animal and plant numbers as halved since the outbreak a few days ago, and it seems that even if people keep hiding they will be avoiding the inevitable as at this rate the disease will wipe out human food resources in a matter of days. The wacky President of what was left of the United States of America, George Bush VIII, in light of the crisis promises a large reward to anyone who would free the world from this plague. As nobody can get near to finding a cure before meeting their untimely death since the President’s announcement, President George Bush VIII upped the stakes. The President announced that he would grant the Nobel Peace Prize, fame, fortune and marriage to Super-Galactic-Model Neptula Smith, (who had volunteered for the cause as part of her Charity for the Galaxy Appeal) to the person who would rid the world of the ‘kills all’ disease. Two brothers, Fred and Bob Jones, in the ruined state of Tennessee caught word of the rewards offered for the cure to the ‘kills all’ disease and decided, seeing as they were MAD scientists to start work on the project despite the daunting fact that there was a great possibility that they would die, as had other great scientists of the day. Fre...

Editing - Definition and Guidelines

Editing - Definition and Guidelines Editing is a stage of the writing process in which a writer or editor strives to improve a draft (and sometimes prepare it for publication) by correcting errors and by making words and sentences clearer, more precise, and more effective. The process of  editing involves adding, deleting, and rearranging words along with recasting sentences and  cutting the clutter. Tightening our writing and mending faults can turn out to be a remarkably creative activity, leading us to clarify ideas, fashion fresh images, and even radically rethink the way we approach a topic. Put another way, thoughtful editing can inspire further  revision  of our work. EtymologyFrom the French, to publish, edit   Observations Two Types of EditingThere are two types of editing: the ongoing edit and the draft edit. Most of us edit as we write and write as we edit, and its impossible to slice cleanly between the two. Youre writing, you change a word in a sentence, write three sentences more, then back up a clause to change that semicolon to a dash; or you edit a sentence and a new idea suddenly spins out from a word change, so you write a new paragraph where until that moment nothing else was needed. That is the ongoing edit. . . .For the draft edit, you stop writing, gather a number of pages together, read them, make notes on what works and doesnt, then rewrite. It is only in the draft edit that you gain a sense of the whole and view your work as a detached professional. It is the draft edit that makes us uneasy, and that arguably matters most.(Susan Bell, The Artful Edit: On the Practice of Editing Yourself. W.W. Norton, 2007)Editing CheckpointsThe final step for the writer is to go back and clean up the r ough edges. . . . Here are some checkpoints:Facts: Make sure that what youve written is what happened;Spelling: Check and recheck names, titles, words with unusual spellings, your most frequently misspelled words, and everything else. Use a spell check but keep training your eye;Numbers: Recheck the digits, especially phone numbers. Check other numbers, make sure all math is correct, give thought to whether numbers (crowd estimates, salaries, etc.) seem logical;Grammar: Subjects and verbs must agree; pronouns need correct antecedents; modifiers must not dangle; make your English teacher proud;Style: When it comes to repairing your story, leave the copy desk feeling like the washing machine repair guy who has nothing to do.(F. Davis, The Effective Editor. Poynter, 2000) Editing in ClassA large portion of everyday editing instruction can take place in the first few minutes of class . . .. Starting every class period with invitations to notice, combine, imitate, or celebrate is an easy way to make sure editing and writing are done every day. I want to communicate with my instruction that editing is shaping and creating writing as much as it is something that refines and polishes it. . . . I want to step away from all the energy spent on separating editing from the writing process, shoved off at the end of it all or forgotten about altogether.(Jeff Anderson, Everyday Editing. Stenhouse, 2007)Tinkering: The Essence of Writing WellRewriting is the essence of writing well: its where the game is won or lost. . . . Most writers dont initially say what they want to say, or say it as well as they could. The newly hatched sentence almost always has something wrong with it. Its not clear. Its not logical. Its verbose. Its klunky. Its pretentious. Its boring. It s full of clutter. Its full of cliches. It lacks rhythm. It can be read in several different ways. It doesnt lead out of the previous sentence. It doesnt . . . The point is that clear writing is the result of a lot of tinkering.(William Zinsser, On Writing Well. Harper, 2006) The Slap-and-Pat Theory of EditingWhat I try to practice is what I call the slap-and-pat theory of editing. Almost everything thats written needs some criticism. Almost everything thats written needs some praise, or deserves some praise. So you try to mix praise with criticism. Ideally, you do it sincerely. That is, you dont praise what you really dont like; but you praise what you really do like. You dont write 12 pages of things that are wrong, without remembering to find something else you like, that is already right.(Editor Samuel S. Vaughan, in an interview with the online journal Archipelago)The Lighter Side of EditingI hate cross-outs. If Im writing and I accidentally begin a word with the wrong letter, I actually use a word that does begin with that letter so I dont have to cross out. Hence the famous closing, Dye-dye for now. A lot of my letters make no sense, but they are often very neat.(Paula Poundstone, Theres Nothing in This Book That I Meant to Say. Three Rivers Press, 2006) Pronunciation: ED-et-ing

Management of change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Management of change - Essay Example In addition, the experience and leadership skills of the change agent are also critical in the change management process. The strategy used should also relate to the type of change needed in an organisation, for instance, a change can be immediate or take a gradual depending on the situation (Atkinson, 2014). This paper explores the approaches to change management that Mark can use to solve the problems at NFW Corporation. Mark has been assigned a new role as the HRD at NFW Corporation, a retail Company that run fashion stores in UK. As the new HRD, Mark is faced with key issues that need to be resolved to achieve success in the implementation of new changes. While Mark has his plan for implementing changes at NFW Corporation, he lacks the necessary experience to carry out the new mandate. Some of the key issues that Mark has identified include the need to downsize workers to cut costs and improve the quality. In addition, Mark also has issues with the organisational culture that may affect the implementation of new changes (Molineux, 2013). The new role that Mark has been assigned at NFW Corporation requires consultation with the key stakeholders in identifying the key issues prior to implementing his new plans. Essentially, consulting the key stakeholders will provide Mark with an insight regarding the organisational culture of NFW Corporation. In addition, Mark will have an idea regarding the areas that need change immediately and those that can be done gradually. Because Mark lacks experience regarding HRD work, it is important to for him to collaborate with the long serving and experienced employees to understand the dynamics related to human resource development. Consequently, Mark will be in a better position when developing his strategy for change at NFW Corporation. The key issues that Mark has identified require an appropriate approach that can solve the identified problems. In this case, a change management approach such as Kotter’s eight

Angioplasty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Angioplasty - Essay Example ding of the procedure has helped this procedure to be acknowledged as safe, and at least in the short term, the success rate of this procedure is high (1999 Heart and Stroke Statistical Update), where successful therapy has been defined as persistence of less than 50% residual stenosis. However, despite the frequency of its usage, research has found that the main limitation of this procedure is restenosis which has been defined as renarrowing of the original arterial lesion at the site of dilatation. Most of the data indicate that around 35% of the patients have restenosis and within six months following the angioplasty procedure (Savage et al., 1998). To improve this statistic and to improve the life-threatening complications following angioplasty or to back up and improve the outcomes of results from balloon angioplasty, the use of stents came into vogue which essentially was balloon angioplasty with introduction of an implant into the arterial area of narrowing that would prevent the renarrowing of the arterial segment (Sculpher et al., 2002). The results of failure of angioplasty are many. The first important ones are unacceptable short and long-term clinical and angiographic outcomes. Next are the high rates of restenosis, high incidence of abrupt closure of the target vessels leading to life-threatening complications, and low incidence of target vessel revascularization, which happened to be the intended objective and indication of angioplasty as a procedure. Although there are numerous studies researching the implications of a failed angioplasty in the clinical scenario, despite having quite a number of studies, investigating the economic issues related to angioplasty as a procedure has been inadequate (Hannan et al., 1997). A second procedure during the same hospital stay, a failed procedure needing another, associated morbidities of a failed procedure all have negative implications for the patient or the providers, although all these scenarios adds to

Iterative And Incremental Development Of Software Models

Iterative And Incremental Development Of Software Models Software process model consists of 2 categories generic and iterative. Generic method consists of 3 main methods which are waterfall, evolutionary and component based software engineering (CBSE). Moreover, iterative consist of 2 main method which are incremental delivery and spiral delivery. Then emphasis of the report will be on Iterative and Incremental method [1] The Iterative and Incremental method, was introduced by Mr. Harlen Mills In 1970s .The method was further extended by Mr. Vic Basili by adding the incremental concept.[2] By definition iterative means develop a system through repeated cycles furthermore incremental means in smaller portions at a time. [3] The fundamental idea of iterative and incremental method is to break the software development process into the several parts over specific length of time. It repeats the process by adding more function to the software until the software is complete for usage. Iterative and Incremental Methodology. Figure 1: Iterative and Incremental development Figure 1 [3] show the process of Iterative and Incremental methodology. Each iterative step consists of requirement, design, repetitive modular implementation, test and integration and final integration system test. After each iteration, more functions will be added and the same iterative cycle is repeated again. The system grows in term of capabilities and complexity. Finally, the finished system integration and testing are performed before it is deployed. The requirement process can be defined as à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“the process of analyzing the constraints under which it operates and is developed. The objectives are to identify the activities and techniques that will be used. During the requirement process, a feasibility study needs to be performed in order to evaluate the pros and cons of the project. It also involves risk assessment of the project. After that, customerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s requirements need to be established via discussions, interview and etc. Next, the specification which contains the functional constraints, non functional constraints, user conditions and system requirement are written out. In addition, the specifications are reviewed so that it will be error free. Lastly, the project management activities are set out to identify, track and control the progress of the project. Figure 2: Iterative development. Figure 2 [2] shows another example of Iterative development. Author perceive the iteration and incremental method in different view. He divides the process into 4 phases which are inception, elaboration, construction, and transition. During the inception phases the project, scope, risk and requirement are identified. Moreover, the working architecture is defined during elaboration phases. From the analysis, design, implementation and testing of the functional requirement, the architecture is being improve incrementally during the construction phases. Lastly, the system is implemented into the production operating environment in transition phase [2] Although both author view the process differently, most the process and method are overlapping similar. The design process can be defined as process for identifying the sub-systems making up a system and the framework for sub-system control and communication [7]. The design processes consist of two models which is structural model and control model. Structure model consist of 3 models such as Repository, Client-server, Layered. While, there are 2 controls model which are centralized and Event-based. Different model need to be used in different applications, specifications and requirements. Therefore, evaluation of design model that will be used need to be done carefully in order to meet customerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s requirement. The implementation, testing and Integration steps are recurring process. The programs that are developing in design process are implemented. However, it needs to be validated using testing. They are 2 type of testing program which is component testing and system testing. Each of the program components is tested in modular separately during component testing. On the other hand, system testing is performed by integrating the multiple components or subsystem into a system. However, system testing will be affected by the request and error mistake in component testing. After integration and incremental processes, all of the components are performing to the specification and error free, thus, can be integrated into a complete system and ready to be delivered to the customers. [9] Advantages and Disadvantages of Iterative Incremental Development Advantages Suitable for a large project but have limited financial resources. It is because, the maintenance will be undertaken to improve the errors are not known at the beginning of the cycle.[6] Repetition of the phases can be built so that the system really meet the needs of users Establish a good relationship between users and developers. project team will always communicate with users to obtain information to meet the needs of users, [5] Reduce the risk of delay due to the important work done first. Produce software that can be easily used by consumers [9] Disadvantage High maintenance costs Difficult, it is because developers have to plan in advance the desired results. In addition, the developer must ensure that the work was completed in time to avoid delays and increased costs Differences between Iterative Incremental and Agile Scope Agile Iterative Incremental Focus focus on the simple process that allows for quick changes during the development cycle focus on a limited project Time 3 to 4 weeks time taken to complete a project based on the requirements and specifications that determined by customer Discussion and Conclusion Methodology a combination of paradigms, methods, policies, procedures, Regulations, standards, techniques, tools, programming language and the other methodology used for analyzing system requirements and design. Iterative and incremental methodology is a process model developed to overcome the Weakness faced by the waterfall methodology. It is divided into several processes that requirement, design, implementation integration test and final. This development process starts with the requirement phase and ends with the planning process. This process is repeated several times to produce products that meet the specifications required by the user. In addition, the model can be used for projects that are changing where it will reduce the risk of error and remove the incorrect input. This process resulted in the additional software that is easy to understand and made modifications.

Identity, image, and reputation: an interdisciplinary framework and suggested terminology Essay

Building a vibrant and positive corporate reputation is the endeavor of every company, whether it is large-scale or small-scale. Indeed, the growth and development of the company is edged in its ability to enact feasible mechanisms of enhancing corporate reputation. Both internal and external stakeholders depend on corporate reputation to measure a company’s performance. It is from the corporate reputation that a company can define its fundamental place in the market. Ryanair, an Irish airline company with an expansive European market displays the impact of corporate reputation on the performance of the company. Despite the company’s growth over the years, reputational challenges have rocked its performance in a highly competitive business environment. Customer satisfaction, corporate image and corporate identity have suffered heavily because of its negative corporate reputation. In an effort to bolster its affairs with major stakeholders, Michael O’ Leary, the c ompany’s CEO has sought to find ways of effectively managing the company’s corporate reputation. This report identifies the reputational challenges affecting Ryanair, and recommending corporate communication frameworks of improving customer service, enhancing corporate image and identity, developing positive publicity and building a strong corporate reputation for the company. Managing Corporate Reputation             Today’s business environment is extremely dynamic and competitive in nature; a company’s corporate success depends on a myriad of factors. Among these factors is corporate reputation. A company’s reputation fundamentally defines its performance and jurisdiction in the market place. A company’s internal and external environments play instrumental roles in influencing its corporate reputation’s index. In essence, corporate reputation influences the trends that the company’s stakeholders develop towards it, for instance, it affects customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and employee retention (Chun 2005, p 91). In an age whereby businesses are facing numerous challenges, managing corporate reputation is an imperative business strategy, as it will certainly develop internal and external corporate portfolios to initiate success. Managing corporate reputation entails the deliberate articulation of feasible leadership structures and developing coherent internal and external business environments, which consequently result into quality products and services. Moreover, a robust corporate reputation is significant in establishing a vibrant relationship between a company and its stakeholders. According to corporate reputation theory, managing a company’s corporate reputation requires an integration of the fundamental elements that influence its corporate image and identity. Hence, according to Institute of Directors (1999), a positive corporate reputation is a valuable intangible asset that attracts a large customer base and invites investments from potential shareholders. Ryanair is an Irish airline company that since its inception has continued to influence the European airline industry. Despite its far-reaching influence in the market, Ryanair has corporate reputation issues that affect its corporate ima ge and identity, which has strained its stakeholder relations. Addressing the corporate reputation issues require a revamp of its systems in order to build a strong corporate reputation. 2.0 Application 2.1 Reputational challenges             Since its inception in 1984, Ryanair has experienced commendable growth from being a small airline to one of Europe’s largest airline companies. A pertinent aspect that has enabled Ryanair to have an exponential growth in the industry in its low-cost business model; it currently cuts across 28 European countries. With over 8,500 staff members, Ryanair has certainly been establishing itself as a potential destination for airline customers. Despite its massive expansion, reputational challenges continue to rock the company. Customer satisfaction is on the decline, with customers expressing concerns about its awful services. Inconsiderate treatment of customers has damaged the reputation of the company and jeopardizes its ability to grow. For example, customers on business travels continuously express their concerns because of delays and unprofessional ways of handling customers. Moreover, a communication lapse between Ryanair and its major stakeholders has threatened its corporate reputation. Poor communication services with its customers have resulted into degraded services and negative feedback, thus further damaging the company’s corporate image. Decreased profits precipitated by the prevailing corporate trends in the company have also raised eyebrows among its key stakeholders. The decline in the company’s profit index poses a negative corporate reputation since financial stability is an imperative aspect of defining a business’ success. Thus, the reputational challenges call for necessary interventions in resurfacing the company. 2.2 Current situation             Currently, Ryanair’s major stakeholders are not satisfied with the diminishing corporate reputation of the company. Stakeholders are the parties that contribute in the running of a business; they are the people who influence or are influenced by the decisions of the company. The stakeholder theory gives a framework for identifying the interested parties in the business, as well as how the management should accord value to the parties that influence the running of the business (Phillips 2011 p 25). The stakeholders’ concerns stem from the current stunted growth in the company, and its inability to make further breakthroughs in the market. The company’s diminishing corporate image jeopardizes its potential for growth in a competitive market. In view of the stakeholder theory, Ryanair’s management has failed in its mandate to satisfy customers, who are the major stakeholder. Customer satisfaction is on a decreasing streak. Surveys are constantly showing that Ryanair is trailing behind its major competitors in the industry. This is attributed to the high dissatisfaction levels expressed by its customers, in respect to customer services. Provision of quality services is an impetus to market expansion and a large customer base. The absence of this factor has resulted into poor feedback from the customers. Also, Michael O’ Leary, the CEO of the company has noted that there is a need to break from the historical business models and introduce viable and strategic models that fit in today’s corporate world. The concerns of the external stakeholders including shareholders and customers have contributed to the current position of the airline company’s management. Based on a strategic management model, the management of the company is mandated to readjust its internal and external business environments to meet its objectives. 3.0 The challenge 3.1 Scope of the challenge             The biggest challenge affecting Ryanair is a negative corporate reputation in the airline industry. The negative reputation has virtually affected its corporate image and identity. A company’s corporate image refers to what its external stakeholders see (Chun 2005 p 95). For example, the relationship between a company and its customers defines the way they view it. Conversely, corporate identity, describes the strategic values of a company edged in its vision, mission and philosophy (Chun 2005, p 97). Moreover, due to the company’s poor service delivery to customers, negative publicity has certainly taken shape; hence, affecting its relationship with stakeholders. A critical analysis of the current situations facing Ryanair shows that both the internal and external environments of the company face negative effects from the reputational issues. From a strategic perspective, the reputational challenges that Ryanair faces threaten to put it on the losing end of competitive advantage. Competitive advantage is the ability to win out competition in a highly competitive market (Castellion 2010 p 935). Though it is a low-cost airline, the services it offers are not satisfactory to many of its customers; hence, it stands to lose potential customers to other high quality competitors like British Airways. In addition, from a strategic management perspective, the corporate reputational challenges affecting the company pose threats and increases operational weaknesses, which limit its potential growth in the market. From an organizational perspective, the inability of a company to have viable platforms of controlling its resources exposes it to negative consequences including shrinking its corporate identity portfolio (Fombrun & Riel 2004 p 17). The objectives of a company cannot be realized without adequate organizational management. Ryanair’s short-sightedness in its corporate image is attributed to its inability to manage its resources well. Additionally, the failure of instituting a coherent way of integrating the organizational functions of the company negatively affects its overall performance. 3.2 Impact of reputational issues on the organization and its stakeholders             The reputational issues have far-reaching effects on the organization as well as its stakeholders. The enterprise risks losing its customers to other airline companies because of its inability to provide quality services. Customer satisfaction is an important aspect in meeting the clients’ needs, the major stakeholders in a company (Jacobson & Mizik 2009 p 815-817). Based on the case, the company’s casual way of handling customers has the potential of damaging its corporate image. Moreover, the company’s vision and objectives cannot be met with precision because of its blurred potential to make a breakthrough in the market. Reduced profits reported by the company implies that its financial stability faces a major blow; hence, affecting its operations greatly. Shareholders, who are important stakeholders in the company, will certainly be affected by the reduction of the shares value. The reputational challenges affecting Ryanair pose a huge risk on its market share. Additionally, customers fail to get value for their money, and shift their focus on alternative service providers. Suppliers of pertinent resources to the airline company also face the risk of losing the business relationship because of the heightened loss of corporate image and identity. 4.0 Proposal             Based on the case study, Ryanair, through the leadership of its CEO, Michael O’ Leary should enact feasible communication platforms of intervening in the corporate reputation challenges affecting the company. Enacting viable communication channels with its stakeholders will certainly play an instrumental role in restoring a positive corporate reputation. Thus, improving the company’s customer service, identity and image, restoring positive publicity and developing a strong corporate reputation for the company will require a sound communication portfolio with its major stakeholders. Improving the company’s customer service, identity and image             This will require deliberate efforts from the company’s management. Empowering the staff is vital in improving customer services. Zeithaml, V. (2000) asserts that investing in adequate human resource frameworks that increase the capacity of the staff is considerable in improving customer service relations. Training employees on the most proficient ways of serving customers are instrumental in developing viable communication links. This will consequently improve the company’s relationship with its customers, who are imperative external stakeholders. Of importance still, investing in a highly empowered human resource will enhance the company’s corporate identity by meeting its goals and objectives. Meeting the clients’ needs by availing quality services will greatly help  in establishing a cohesive business relationship. Brown et al. (2005), highlight that a customer’s delight is in receiving value for his money. Through providing quality airline services, the company is certainly communicating its desire to meet the needs of its customers. Indeed, the customers’ satisfaction is a way of expressing a continuous and successful business relationship. Consequently, this will undoubtedly improve the company’s corporate image by meeting the customers’ expectations. Instituting a communication platform among the key stakeholders will be pertinent in addressing the reputational issues of the airline company. Based on the expansive nature of Ryanair, it is significant to have an online and accessible feedback platform whereby the company’s management can communicate with its customers. This will enhance the company’s sensitivity to its customers’ needs and make them their primary concern. This is a practical way of enhancing customer service and building a strong corporate image and identity. Gaining positive publicity             Gaining a positive public image is an important step towards the change that Ryanair needs to implement. Having a positive public image is a major boost in the success of any business (Caruana and Chircop 2000, pp 45-50). Given the large European market that Ryanair operates in, embracing a positive public image will enhance its chances of success. Firstly, the management of the company needs to develop organizational management frameworks that control the resources of the company with utmost proficiency. The management of the company is vital in disseminating a company’s functions to the relevant parties. The management, being a major stakeholder in the company has the obligation of ensuring that the internal environment of the company is articulating management issues vehemently. This calls for the employees to work collaboratively with the management in affecting the external stakeholders positively. The effective business communication grounding between the management and employees will produce results that will precipitate positive publicity for Ryanair. As a result, the considerable organizational management will influence positive publicity by increasing customer confidence. An increase in customer confidence is sufficient in arousing the airline’s public image; hence, gaining positive publicity. Customer confidence in the management portfolio of the company will be crucial in diversifying its market jurisdiction. On the same note, advertising agencies and suppliers who form a key component of the company’s external stakeholders will play a crucial role in improving Ryanair’s positive publicity. With credible communication platforms between the external stakeholders and the company, it is without a doubt that the company will develop a positive publicity. Developing a strong corporate reputation             Developing a strong corporate reputation is a fundamental tool in ensuring that Ryanair remains a reputable airline company in the industry. Indeed, this calls for compelling communication frameworks among the stakeholders of the company. True, the airline industry features as extremely diverse; hence, the need for investing in the best publicity platforms. Spreading information is an aspect of publicity that should be implemented with ease in order for the company to increase its chances of success. Information about structural changes in the airline industry should be communicated in the best way possible for the purpose of initiating viable communication structures between the internal and external stakeholders. Thus, initiating feasible publicity frameworks is a credible way of surfacing a strong corporate reputation by improving communication among the key stakeholders in Ryanair airlines. Crisis control in the company is a pertinent aspect in securing a strong corporate reputation in the company. The management of the company should set up platforms for ensuring that crisis management is articulated vehemently. Chun and Davies (2006) point out that the crisis management is imperative in any ambitious company because risks are inevitable in the global market. In this respect, reputational risk management for Ryanair is an integral base in the staging of a strong corporate reputation. Through amicable communication platforms, the internal stakeholders of the company have the capacity to address the reputational issues affecting it. It is necessary to bring together the functions of the management and employees with the expectations of the external stakeholders. This creates a cordial business relation that undoubtedly builds a strong corporate reputation. In essence, in order to enhance the company’s reputational competence, there is a need for the diverse stakeholders to work together in tandem. 5.0 Conclusion             In conclusion, it is evidently clear that managing corporate reputation is an important function of any ambitious company. In the case of Ryanair airlines, its expansive market calls for feasible communication strategies to secure a solid corporate reputation portfolio. The success of the company fundamentally depends on its ability to initiate practical corporate reputation strategies. Training employees, providing quality services and securing effective communication platforms will certainly enhance customer satisfaction and build the company’s identity and image. Thus, this calls for prioritizing the needs of the customers and making them principal stakeholders. Additionally, the need for a credible publicity is significant in the growth expansion of the company’s positive publicity. Lastly, building a strong corporate reputation requires the collaborative actions of all major stakeholders. References Brown, T.J., Dacin, P.A., Pratt, M.G. and Whetten, D.A. (2005). Identity, image, and reputation: an interdisciplinary framework and suggested terminology. Paper presented at the Academy of Marketing Science Conference, Tampa, FL. Chun, R. (2005). Corporate reputation: Meaning and measurement. International Journal of Management Reviews Volume 7 Issue 2 pp. 91–109. Caruana, A. and Chircop, S. (2000). Measuring corporate reputation: a case example. Corporate Reputation Review, 3(1), 43–57. Chun, R. and Davies, G. (2006). The influence of corporate character on customers and employees: exploring similarities and differences. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science (JAMS), 34(2) Castellion, G. (2010). The Design of Business: Why Design Thinking Is the Next Competitive Advantage by Roger Martin and Design-Driven Innovation: Changing the Rules of Competition by Radically Innovating What Things Mean by Roberto Verganti. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 27(6), 931-935.Fombrun, C. J., & Riel, C. B. (2004). Fame & fortune how successful companies build winning reputations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.Institute of Directors (IOD) (1999). Reputation Management: Strategies for Protecting Companies, their Brands and their Directors. London: Director Publications (Director’s Guide Series). Jacobson, R., & Mizik, N. (2009). The Financial Markets and Customer Satisfaction: Reexamining Possible Financial Market Mispricing of Customer Satisfaction. Marketing Science, 28(5), 810-819.Phillips, R. (2011). Stakeholder theory. Cheltenham, Elgar.Zeithaml, V. (2000). Service quality, profitability, and the economic worth of customers: what we know and what we need to learn. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 67–85. Source document

Marketing Strategies of Godrej

Godrej Marketing strategies of Godrej UNIT-1 INTRODUCTION Marketing is defined by American Marketing Association [AMA] as â€Å"the activity, set of institutions, and processes for creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society at large. † Broadly â€Å"marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and organizations obtain what they want through creating and exchanging value with others. † Marketing has always been one of the most important and decisive tool in determining the sales and success of a particular company. Marketing does not only include advertising and publicizing about a particular product or service, but also means keeping up with the changing trends in the market and customer tastes and preferences. Thus, it includes the 4 P’s of marketing namely PRODUCT, PRICING, PROMOTION and PLACE (DISTRIBUTION). This project is based on the marketing strategies adopted by Godrej Company with reference to Godrej Interio & Godrej Consumer Products Ltd (GCPL). Godrej Interio is the largest company in the Rs 3000 crore organized furniture market. It has been upgrading its products to match the consumer’s tastes and preferences. GCPL became the first company in the world to develop the technology to manufacture soap with vegetable oils; that spirit of innovation has continued throughout the organization's history. Today Godrej is delivering consumers exciting innovations across a spectrum of businesses. Objectives and scope a) To study the marketing strategies of Godrej Interio & Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. b) To study the expansion of Godrej group by adopting the diversification strategy. c) To study the 4 P’s of marketing in relation to the steps taken by Godrej. Product: new product lines introduced and diversification of products. ? Price: kind of pricing adopted and comparison with other manufacturers. ? Place: manufacturing plants, wholesalers, retail outlets. ? Promotion: promotion and advertising of the products of the group. d) To conduct a SWOT analysis to list out the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of the group. e) To study the profitability of various products of the grou p. f) To compare and analyze the products of the group with the major competitors in the market segment. The performance of any company in an industry is dependent on various micro and macro environmental factors, this projects extends to the marketing aspects of the group, the profitability of various products manufactured by the group, the various strategic alternatives adopted by the group since its inception to increase their market share. Methodology 1) The data collected for the study of marketing strategies of Godrej & Boyce group is largely secondary data which will be taken with the help of Google search engine, websites related to the products of the group, text books, magazines and newspapers. ) The help of Godrej outlets and marketing team members of the group will be taken to understand the strategies of the company. 3) Various tables, graphs, matrix and ratios will be used to analyze the profitability, growth and market share of the company. Limitations a) The study is only related to a particular company in the industry. b) The information to be used in this project is se condary as it will be taken from newspapers, internet and magazines. The ratios, graphs and tables are based on my observations and do not refer to the views of experts in the industry in general. Hence, there may be chances of discrepancies in the observations. c) The prices of various products to be mentioned are subject fluctuation depending on the sales, discounts, state and period. UNIT-2 INDUSTRY PROFILE Furniture and Interiors Industry in India The furniture industry in India is estimated to be worth Euro 5 Billion. Within this, the wooden furniture accounts for Euro 750 million. Of this the imported furniture market is currently worth Euro 75 million and is growing at 50 – 60% each year. The furniture sector in India only makes a marginal contribution to the GDP, representing about 0. 5 per cent of the total GDP. The major part of this industry is in the informal sector that is, about 85%. The remaining 15% is in the formal sector and is made up of manufactures and importers catering to the various segment of the industry. Some of the major segments in furniture industry are Residential, Office, Contract and Institutional. There are other segments also based on the application (Kitchen, Bathroom, Bedroom, etc. or on the raw material (wooden, plastic, metal, bamboo, etc). These industry segments includes big payers from the formal sector such as Godrej & Boyce Manufacturing Co. Ltd. , BP Ergo, Featherlite, Haworth, Style Spa, Yantra, Renaissance, Millenium Lifestyles, Durian, Kian, Tangent, Furniture Concepts, Furniturewala, Zuari, Truzo, N R Jasani & Company, V3 Engineers, PSL Modular Furniture, etc. According to one market survey home improvements (38%) and leisure holidays (37%) as the two pursuits Indian consumers are willing to indulge in. Many of the world's leading home fashion brands are available in India through domestic retail outlets. Interior decorating is a burgeoning industry in India. Though formerly seen as a facet of architecture, the growing middle class has caused an increased demand for custom-designed decor and furnishings. This extends from residential design to other sectors, such as public offices and retail centers. As of 2010, India is faced with the challenge of introducing new interior design education options that will not only increase the number of professional esigners in the country, but also set guidelines for practicing environmentally and socially responsible design. The major competitors of Godrej Interio are †¢ Zuari †¢ Alder †¢ Greaken †¢ Durien †¢ Vista INDUSTRY PROFILE OF CONSUMER PRODUCTS IN INDIA FMCG industry,  alternatively called as CPG (Consumer packaged goods) industry primarily deals with the production, distribution and marketing of consumer packa ged goods. The Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) is those consumables which are normally consumed by the consumers at a regular interval. Some of the prime activities of FMCG industry are selling, marketing, financing, purchasing, etc. The industry also engaged in operations, supply chain, production and general management. FMCG industry  provides a wide range of consumables and accordingly the amount of money circulated against FMCG products is also very high. The competition among FMCG manufacturers is also growing and as a result of this, investment in FMCG industry is also increasing, specifically in India, where FMCG industry is regarded as the fourth largest sector with total market size of US$13. billion. FMCG Sector in India is estimated to grow 60% by 2010. FMCG industry is regarded as the largest sector in New Zealand which accounts for 5% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Common FMCG products Some common FMCG product categories include food and dairy products, glassware, paper products, pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics, packaged food products, plastic goods, printing and stationery, household products, photography, drinks etc. and some of the examples of FMCG products are coffee, tea, dry cells, greeting cards, gifts, detergents, tobacco and igarettes, watches, soaps etc. Market potentiality of FMCG industry Some of the merits of FMCG industry, which made this industry as a potential one, are low operational cost, strong distribution networks, presence of renowned FMCG companies. Population growth is another factor which is responsible behind the success of this industry. Leading FMCG companies Some of the well known FMCG companies are Sara Lee, Nestle, Reckitt Benckiser, Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Coca-Cola, Carlsberg, Kleenex, General Mills, Pepsi and Mars etc. UNIT-3 Godrej profile The Godrej Group is one of the respected business houses of India. The group has diverse business interests ranging from engineering to personal care products. Companies operating under the Godrej Group are involved in a host of businesses – from locks and safes to typewriters and word processors, from refrigerators and furniture to machine tools and process equipment, from engineering workstations to cosmetics and detergents, from edible oils and chemicals to agro products. Godrej Group is also well-known for its philosophy and initiation of labour reforms. Godrej Consumer Products Ltd Godrej Consumer Products is a leading player in the Indian FMCG market with interests in personal, hair, household and fabric care segments. Godrej Consumer Products is the largest marketer of toilet soaps in the country with leading brands such as Cinthol, Fairglow, and Godrej No 1. The company is also leader in the hair colour category in India and offers a vast product such as Godrej Renew Coloursoft Liquid Hair Colours, Godrej Liquid & Powder Hair Dyes to Godrej Kesh Kala Oil, Nupur based Hair Dyes. Its liquid detergent brand Ezee is the market leader in its category. Godrej Interio Godrej Interio, the furniture arm of Godrej & Boyce Mfg Co Ltd is the largest company in the Rs 300 crore organized furniture market with a market share of 20%. It offers home and office furniture along with solutions for laboratories, hospitals and health care establishments and education and training institutes. In view of growing competition, Godrej & Boyce has been upgrading its products more often to keep up with consumer’s tastes and preferences History In 1897 a young man named Ardeshir  Godrej gave up law and turned to lock making. Its founder, Ardeshir Godrej, was a staunch nationalist and believed that India cannot win freedom unless it is economically self-reliant Ardeshir went on to make safes and security equipment of highest order, and in 1930 he stunned the world by creating toilet soap from vegetable oil. His brother Pirojsha Godrej carried Ardeshir's dream forward, leading  Godrej towards becoming  a  vibrant,  multi-business enterprise. Pirojsha  laid the foundation for the sprawling industrial garden township (ISO 14001-certified) now called Pirojshanagr in suburbs of Mumbai. In the 1944 Mumbai docks blast, Godrej safes were the only security equipment whose contents were unharmed; an equal level of product quality continues to be expected from every product bearing the Godrej brand name. Godrej management understands that the company’s greatest asset is the trust and faith that customers place in it, and recognizes that the company must continue to earn this trust. This translates to the organization delivering outstanding quality and value in everything it does. Godrej’s ethical and visionary practices have allowed the company to successfully expand into a number of businesses. COMPANY OUTLOOK: Started in 1897 as locks manufacturing company, the Godrej Group is today one of the most accomplished and diversified business houses in India. Godrej's success has been driven by the company's commitment to delivering innovation and excellence. Through the consistent application of this commitment and a century of ethical business conduct, Godrej has earned an unparalleled reputation for trust and reliability. In 1930, Godrej became the first company in the world to develop the technology to manufacture soap with vegetable oils; that spirit of innovation has continued throughout the organization's history. Today Godrej is delivering consumers exciting innovations across a spectrum of businesses. The company's pursuit of excellence is equally well established and enduring. In the 1944 Mumbai docks blast, Godrej safes were the only security equipment whose contents were unharmed; an equal level of product quality continues to be expected from every product bearing the Godrej brand name. Godrej management understands that the company's greatest asset is the trust and faith that consumers have reposed in it, and recognizes that the company must continue to earn this trust. This translates to the organization delivering outstanding quality and value in everything it does. Godrej's ethical and visionary practices have allowed the company to successfully expand Into a number of businesses. Today Godrej is a leading manufacturer of goods and provide of services in a multitude of categories: home appliances, consumer durables, consumer products, industrial products, and agri products to name a few. A recent estimate suggested that 350 million people across India use Godrej products. The group has more recently entered the real estate and information technology sectors, and management views these as avenues for enormous growth. The Godrej Group stands in a strong position today. With annual sales in excess of $1 billion, a workforce of approximately 18,000, and a strong diversified portfolio, Godrej has proven its ability to deliver strong financial performance. Board of Directors J. N. Godrej (Chairman and Managing  Director), A. B. Godrej, N. B. Godrej, V. M. Crishna, K. N. Petigara, B. A. Hathikhanavala, F. P. Sarkari, P. D. Lam, K. A. Palia and P. P. Shah Hierarchy Personal department comprises of four employees- one deputy and 3seniors under him. Over all there  are  19 plants make all different products like security systems, locks, doors, etc. Each of this plant is considered as a  separate  profit making center. Profits made by each of the plants are accounted  for  separately in its Annual report also. Management. Different levels of management are as follows: A  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Base  level  of  management In this level, new-entrants are trained about the various levels of the department’s  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Operation  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Promotion  of  product  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Technical  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Sales  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  This  level  consists  of  owners  and  M. D. Each of this level consists of three sub-sections, through which each employee has to pass to reach a higher  level. An employee, before moving into the next level, he has to  be in each sub section for  at least two years. Products and pricing of Godrej Interio Bedroom concept ? RoyaleLinea Matt ? ZurinaSquadro ? FionaLinea Glossy ? Adrianasquadron ? EROSFlutter ? MegnusChloey ? PeareMorpheus ? Dark chocolat Price Starts from Rs 450000 to 1200000 and more [pic] Living room concept ? Coffee tables ? Sofas ? Living Room concepts Price Price starts from Rs 280000 to 800000 and more. [pic] Cupboards ? Fanfasia ? Kreation ? Similire miror ZS Slimline with locker & drawer Price Price starts from Rs 1000 to 32000 for steel cupboards and Rs 25000 to 100000 for wooden cupboards [pic] Beds ? ESCAPeare Bed ? AristaVienna Bed ? OpelWilmer Bed ? Eudora BedRoyal Bed ? Megnus BedZurina Bed ? OscarEros Bed ? Thrill Hastel BedWindsor Bed ? Zeal Hastel BedFlute Bed Price Beds price starts from Rs 29000 to 210000 and more. [pic] Study Room ? Computer furniture ? Genius study centre †¢ ACE †¢ Genius study centers †¢ Talent Price Study room price starts from Rs 10000 to 70000 [pic] Dining room ? Dining rooms ? Dining chairs ? Multi purpose chairs ? Tables They also provide dining room concepts Price Dining room concept- Rs 180000 to Rs 300000 Dining table sets – Rs 17000 to 200000 [pic] Kitchen ? Accessories units ? Kitchen layouts ? Shade cards They also provide kitchen concepts Price Price depends on sq. feet of area [pic] Home Accessories ? Potpourri ? Candles and incense sticks ? Bean bags Price Price starts from Rs 2000 to 20000 [pic] Office ? Desking ? Work stations ? Seating ? Green product ? Storage Price Price depends on space [pic] Lab products ? Anti vibration tables ? Fume-woods ? Chem storage cabinets ? Safety equipment [pic] Mattress ? Coir mattress ? Latex Mattress ? Spring mattress ? Bed accessories Price Price of single mattress starts from Rs 8000 to 70000 and the price of double mattress starts from Rs 12000 to 80000 [pic] Carpets They provide various carpets in different colours [pic] Tactical pricing strategies used by Godrej Interio ? Differential pricing strategy ? Product bundle pricing ? Value pricing Targeted segmentation 1) Demographic a) Occupation 2) Psychographic b) Social class c) Lifestyle 3) Behavioral a) User status b) Purchase occasion c) Attitude towards product or service Distribution Channels They have 150 showrooms in 21 cities. They also have 800 dealer outlets. West ~ Mumbai, Ahemdabad, Pune, Bhopal, Raipur. East ~ Kolkata, Ranchi, Patna, Guwahahti, Bhubaneshwar. North ~ Delhi, Chandigarh, Faridabad-Gaziabad, Luknow, Jaipur. South ~ Kochi, Vizag, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore Godrej distributes its products from head quarters located at Piroishanager Vikhroli Mumbai Sales promotion ? Discounts and offers offered by Godrej interio for New Year. [pic] ? Exchange offer by Godrej [pic] Interio’s Green initiatives †¢ Use of natural lighting in plants saving upto 15% power. †¢ Recycling of water with reverse osmosis plant †¢ Effective utilization of in-process water. †¢ Sale of hazardous wastes only to â€Å"pollution control board† authorized parties. Community Development Godrej was one of the nation’s first corporate houses to initiate worker welfare programs. They support the Indian heritage society in Mumai. They also established schools at Udayachal. Godrej Interio partners with Anjaana Anjaani Godrej interio a well known name in home and office furniture and Godrej portal for online gaming, virtual reality and social networking both have entered into exciting associations with the movie Anjaana Anjaani. The two Godrej product offerings rewarded their lucky customers with a special meeting with the stars of the movie Ranbir Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra in Mumbai on 1st October 2010. Godrej consumer products Ltd Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. (GCPL) is a major player in the Indian FMCG market with Leadership in personal, hair, household and fabric care segments. The company employs 950 people and has three state-of-the-art manufacturing facilities at Malanpur (M. P. ) Guwahati (Assam) and Baddi (H. P. ). Their focus is on providing our customers with innovative, value for money solutions for meeting their daily needs and improving the quality of their life. This is achieved through the brands the company markets. They are among the largest marketer of toilet soaps in the country with leading brands such as CINTHOL, FAIRGLOW, and GODREJ NO 1. Their FAIRGLOW brand, India's first Fairness soap, has created marketing history as one of the most successful innovations. They are the leader in the hair colour category in India and have a vast product range from GODREJ RENEW COLOURSOFT LIQUID HAIR COLOURS; GODREJ LIQUID & POWDER HAIR DYES to GODREJ KESH KALA OIL, NUPUR based Hair Dyes. Their Liquid Detergent brand EZEE is the market leader in its category. They are also the preferred supplier for contract manufacturing of toilet soaps be some of the most well-known brands in the country. They are supported in our endeavour by a state-of-the-art Research Centre based in Mumbai. Their quality products have been received very well in the international market and they are present in more than — countries across the world. They are an Equal Opportunity Employer and offer very rewarding career opportunities to People who join them. They have adopted the Total Quality Management system and our factories have received ISO certifications. Established in 1990 by Brian Boyce and Vicki Dryden Wyatt, Keyline Brands Ltd was acquired by the Godrej Group in October 2005. Keyline operates in the toiletries and personal care sector, and its portfolio includes a number of important niche brands, some of which are household names such as Cuticura, Aapri, Erasmic and Nulon. Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. (GCPL) acquisition of the South African business of Rapidol, U. K. as well as its subsidiary Rapidol International gives the company ownership of strong ethnic hair colour brands like ‘INECTO’ and ‘SOFLENE’ in ten countries. It also gives GCPL an opportunity to enhance its global presence through the Modern Trade Network and the ownership of customer listings of the INECTO and SOFLENE brands. Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. (GCPL), one of India's leading Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) companies acquired Godrej Global Mideast FZE on October 1, 2007. [pic] Godrej Global Mideast FZE is a 100% subsidiary of Godrej International Limited. It was established in Sharjah with the objective of distributing Godrej FMCG products in the Middle East. It has a strong network of distributors and sales personnel in countries such as Oman, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain. Godrej SCA Hygiene Limited is a Joint Venture Company between SCA Hygiene Products AB, Sweden, (SCA) and Godrej Consumer Products Limited (GCPL) It will manufacture and market paper based absorbent hygiene products, specifically sanitary napkins and baby diapers, in India, Nepal and Bhutan. SCA and Godrej Consumer Products Limited will be equal partners in the Joint Venture. FEW BRANDS REVIEW WITH PERFORMANCE Godrej renew: Renew cream hair colour is a breakthrough formulation from the Godrej Hair Care Institute, a centre dedicated to the art and science of hair care in India. The renew cream hair colour is specially designed to give vivid colours on Indian hair so that the new Renew conditions your hair, not once but twice. Thus you get twice the shine and softness. New Renew cream hair colour contains Aloe + Protein conditioners that protect and revitalize your hair while you colour it. The special after colour conditioner provides nourishment and moisture to your coloured hair, giving it a healthy shine. Renew transforms your hair and personality effortlessly. The rich, non-drip formulation is so easy to apply that it makes hair colouring a real pleasure. Renew spreads evenly on your hair to give a rich attractive colour all over that lasts for a long time. Renew cream hair colour is available in two sizes. 50ml priced at Rs. 65 (after a price discount of Rs. 15) and the new 20ml pack priced at a never before Rs. 35 (after a price discount of Rs. 5). The bigger pack is sufficient for colouring shoulder length hair and offers a range of attractive shades viz. Natural Black, Natural Brown, Burgundy, Light Brown, Light Golden Brown and CINNAMON RED (New shade). Renew 20ml is specially formulated for men and women with short hair. The new Renew 20ml pack is also ideal for touch ups. This means that you use and pay only for the quantity that you require. Now that’s a great colour at a great value. The 20ml pack is available in popular colours – Natural Black and Burgundy. About Godrej Hair Care Institute (GHCI) The Godrej Hair Care Institute is dedicated to the art and science of hair care. Set up by Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. (GCPL), the leaders in the hair colouring business in India, GHCI’s key objectives are to; Promote the cause of hair care in India, Develop products to meet the unique needs of Indian consumers, Bring international quality products within easy reach of Indian consumers, Break attitude barriers, Change perceptions and create an Understanding in the consumer about hair care and Provide a knowledge base and hands-on experience to Indian professionals through world-class hair care educational programmes. Renew Highlights: Renew Highlights is a breakthrough formulation from the Godrej Hair Care Institute, a centre dedicated to the art and science of hair care in India. Renew Highlights is a specially formulated kit that can give vivid highlights on Indian hair so that it enhances your personality. It can also be used on previously coloured hair. The special after colour conditioner provides nourishment and moisture to your coloured hair, giving it a healthy shine. You can use it at home without the hassles of going to a salon. Renew Highlights transforms your hair and personality effortlessly. The rich, non-drip formulation is so easy to apply that it makes hair highlighting a real pleasure. Renew Highlights is available in 2 vibrant shades – Blonde and Red. The product is so versatile that you can get a range of shades from a dramatic look to a subtle look by varying the time. Thus you can easily get the look that you desire. You can vary the timings to get a range of shades from Luminous Copper to Vivid Gold through the Blonde Highlights kit and from Red Burgundy to Vivid Red Streaks through the Red Highlights Kit. Renew Highlights is available at an unbelievable price of Rs. 125. â€Å"From just wanting to camouflage grey hair, colouring has evolved to a fashion and grooming accessory. There is growing awareness and appeal of different techniques of enhancing hair. The launch of Renew Highlights now offers the convenience of highlighting one’s hair within the comforts of your home. Its attractive price point of Rs. 125 will allow consumers all over the country and from all socio-economic backgrounds to transform their hair and personality in a jiffy. † All Renew Hair color Products: Renew Powder Hair Colour †¢ Uses Water as its developer. †¢ Easy to apply and does not drip. †¢ Gives natural colour to hair from root to tip. †¢ Ensures 100% grey coverage [pic][pic][pic] Godrej No. 1 Godrej No. 1, the flagship brand of Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. , is now the largest selling Grade I Soap in India. Grade 1 is the highest quality standard laid down by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Grade 1 soap is a soap which has a minimum TFM (Total Fatty Matter) content of 76% and also has the least number of additives, thus making it a pure soap. In a similar manner, depending on the TFM content and the level of additives present in the soap, they can be further classified as Grade 2, Grade 3 as well as Bathing Bars. Consumer Feedback: -â€Å"The name of my Godrej product is Godrej No. 1 Ayurvedic soap (healthy skin). By using this Soap i feel my skin starts to glow and I think it also helps in cleaning my skin complexion. Your Product is very good†¦. — Mohsina Khan (M. P. ) -â€Å"The True Natural Beauty† Godrej No. 1 soap available in six fragrances is a wonderful product by Godrej. The soap lasts longer. Many soaps from Sunlight to Lifebouy have come in market but Godrej No. 1 Sandal is a soap with difference. Congratulations to the R&D team of Godrej !!! — Ghanshyam Bahadur Singh (U. P. ) – Hi I have been using your Godrej No. 1 Sandal soap for some time now. I came to know the Goodness of this soap from my mother who has been using it for many years now. After constant use I have seen that your soap makes my skin soft and smooth. Thank u very much for discovering such a good product I will never stop using this soap. – David Majhi (Hooghly) -We lived in India for two years and its been a few years now since we left India. We miss India terribly. But the strangest thing is we miss your Godrej No. 1- Sandal soap the most. We feel your product Godrej No. 1- Sandal is the nicest soap we have ever tried. — Bonne Wagenaar (Netherlands) -I used your Godrej No. 1 Ayurvedic some for a month and felt the difference. I no more get pimples whe n I use this soap. Even my marks have reduced. I don’t think I will ever be able to stop using this soap. — Pushpa (Nagpur) – Godrej No. 1 is really No. in my opinion. I have been using it for a long time and I am highly satisfied with this soap because of its good quality and reasonable price. — Gaurav – Hi I have been using your No. 1 sandal soap for quite some time now. Its a beautiful soap and not so costly as all the other soaps in the sandal variant. This soap is real value for money. — Mayura (Mumbai) Godrej Expert hair dye Godrej powder hair dye, the flagship brand of GCPL and market leader in the hair of colourants has won the most trusted brand award, from reader’s digest in the colour category. About product: Godrej powder hair dye, is the world’s largest selling hair dye, trusted and used by millions everyday. With its decades of expertise and unparalleled understanding of Indian hair godrej expert now brings to you 5 experts benefits to get youthful looking hair. Expert’s benefits: Colour lock formulation: It ensures uniform color absorbtion in each strand of hair and gives you longer lasting 100% grey coverage. Shampoo based dye: It helps in convenient and easy application of color. This dye spreads evenly through your hair right to its root and leaves your hair soft, young and natural. No ammonia: It assures gentle and safe dying of your hair. Nourishing conditioner: It makes hair luxury, soft, silky and shiny. Perfume: It gives you pleasant fragrance. It is available in 2 convenient sizes- a 3gm sachet for men and 6gm sachet for women which is adequate for long hair. Facts: †¢ Every second 6 experts sachet are purchased in India . †¢ If all sachets GCPL s old in year 2007-08 are lined up , they would more than cover entire parameter of India . †¢ If all experts cartoons GCPL were to be stacked the height would 300 times of that Mt. Everest. Godrej researches spent decades in researching for hair color solutions to youthful looking hair. Researchers experienced understanding of the unique hair colouring needs of Indian men and women, they continuously strive to develop products and solutions that ensure youthful looking hair. It is their appreciation and trust that has propelled godrej expert to use by millions everyday. The expert offers consumers 5 benefits which ensures that your hair looks young and so that young at heart can also look young for longer. With its unique and innovative color lock formulation the color is absorbed uniformly in each and every strand of your hair thus ensuring a longer lasting 100% grey coverage. So godrej expert has unique solution to combat effectively and ensure 100% grey coverage. It is available in super convenient powder form with a wick presence in 22lakh outlets across the nation – so you can find right near you. When it comes to looking younger trust the expertise of godrej expert – expert solutions to younger looking you. Cinthol Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. major player in the Indian FMCG Market with leadership in the personal care, hair care and fabric care categories, today unleashed 24-hour Confidence with the launch of the new, improved and expanded Cinthol range of soap, talc and deo with Bollywood’s hottest hunk Hrithik Roshan as the new brand ambassador. Cinthol the popular and much-loved brand of Godrej Consumer Products Limited (GCPL), now offers a Deo range of s oaps, talc and deo sprays in three exciting fragrances – Classic, Cologne and Sport in a trendy new packaging. It also offers Cinthol fresh soap and Cinthol Regular soap with new exciting packaging. The eye-catching and vibrant packaging symbolizes a sense of adventure, zest and action. Speaking at the launch, Mrs. Tanya Dubash, Executive Director and President (Marketing) Godrej Industries, said â€Å"The new Cinthol range is a result of research with consumers and stands for Confidence of Achievers who constantly strive to realize their aspirations without stopping. Cinthol give them 24-Hour Confidence and enables them to lead a â€Å"Don’t Stop Life†. Hrithik Roshan with his boundless energy and passion to excel was our obvious and most appropriate choice for Brand Ambassador. He exudes Confidence and doesn’t stop till he meets the high benchmarks he sets for himself. † Cinthol Brand Ambassador, Hrithik Roshan added, â€Å"It’s an honour for me to be associated with a brand like Cinthol which has such a strong legacy. As Cinthol is all about 24- Hour con fidence, energy and a ‘Don’t Stop' attitude it was very natural for me to associate with this brand. Its in perfect sync with my lifestyle & attitude† The new Cinthol range brings 24-Hour Confidence through Active Deo Formula, which controls body odor, Powerful Dry Shield that absorbs sweat, Ultra Scent Technology for long lasting fragrance and Freshness that revitalizes you 24Ãâ€"7. The New Cinthol range will be available across the country at modern retail and other outlets and will be supported by high-impact advertising on television, print, out-door, online and radio. In a significant move, Godrej Consumer Products Ltd is currently test-marketing ‘Cinthol Skin Stimulating Deo Soap’ in West Bengal and Gujarat. Depending on the consumer response, the company can going to plans a national roll-out of the new product in the near future. Godrej aim to provide consumers with their new technological breakthrough soap that has skin-stimulating beads producing essential oil. The company is also planning to beef up its distribution network by an additional 15 per cent—includes both urban and rural markets—within a year. At present, the company has around 2,000 distributors across the country. Researches revealed that the company are also planning to extend our on-going customer relationship management (CRM) initiatives called ‘Collaborative Planning, Forecasting And Replenishments (CPFAR) to additional distributors in the near future. Thus, they will reduce our inventory levels by 10 per cent. † They have also released an advertising campaign with a new tagline called ‘Get Ready’ to promote their existing product ‘Cinthol Lime Fresh’ in West Bengal and Gujarat. In the near future, they will be nationally rolling out an advertising campaign for this product as well. Cinthol Lime Fresh is the largest urban lime soap brand and its psychographic research has revealed a high correlation with the vitality segment. For the purpose, the company’s ad budget this year will grow by an additional 10 per cent, compared to the previous year. According to experts, at present, Cinthol operates in three categories and its contribution to topline is soaps 92 per cent, talcum powders 6 per cent, and deodorants two per cent. The size of the total soap market is 4. 2 lakh metric tonnes. †¢ Industry Scenario – FMCG sector growth continues to be satisfactory Strong GDP growth & good economic fundamentals – Vegetable oil prices high but show declining trend – Rupee weakened versus the USD †¢ The Company has one business segment in which it operates viz. Personal & Household Care OPERATIONS DOMESTIC BUSINESS Soaps †¢ Soap sales expanded by 26% to Rs. 183. 4 crore from Rs. 145. 3 crore during the quarter . †¢ GCPL continue s to be the second largest toilet soaps player with a market share of 9. 5% for Q2 FY20010-11 Hair Colorants †¢ Launched a new range of colours, in ammonia free powder and liquids, under the ‘Godrej Expert Hair colour’ brand Formulation incorporates colour balance technology which delivers a uniform shade to every strand of hair – Powder range is available in 4 shades –Gentle Black, Burgundy, Dark Brown and Natural Brown each priced at Rs. 10 per sachet – The liquid form is available in 3 shades – Gentle Black, Dark Brown and Natural Brown. †¢ This offers a quality colour brand at an affordable price †¢ Overall market share of the Company stood at 33. 7% for the quarter under review Liquid Detergents †¢ Launched a new range of detergent, Ezee Bright and Soft Product possess a unique Colour Guard Technology which protects the colours of the clothes – Available in 3 sizes – 500 g pack, 200 g pack and 18 g sache t Toiletries †¢ All offerings including the Cinthol range of talc and deo sprays and Godrej Deluxe shaving cream continue to deliver strong growth †¢ New range of Cinthol Deo Sprays launched in compact 75ml bottles. Category endorsed by popular Bollywood star and youth icon Hrithik Roshan Q2 Highlights Key initiatives during Q2 FY1011 †¢ Soaps – Market share for Q2 FY 10-11 is 9. 5 %. – Cinthol Deo Musk Soap Launched – Price Increase effected Hair Colours – Market share for Q2 FY 10-11 is 33. 7%. – Godrej Expert Hair Powder Hair Colour launched in 4 shades – Burgundy, Gentle black, Natural Brown & Dark Brown †¢ Liquid Detergents – Market share for Q2 FY 10-11 is 77. 1%. – Ezee Bright & Soft Liquid Detergent launched with Colour Guard Technology for non woolen clothes INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Godrej Netherlands B. V. (Consolidated) – Comprises performance of Godrej Netherlands BV, Godrej Consumer Product s (UK) Limited, Keyline Brands Limited, Inecto Limited & Inecto Manufacturing Limited) †¢ Revenue for the quarter was GBP 7. million compared to GBP 6. 4 million in the same quarter of the previous year . †¢ PAT for the quarter stood at GBP 0. 3 million in Q2 FY2008-09. †¢ The â€Å"Cuticura† Hand Hygiene range was relaunched, featuring new products such as Hand Foamer, Kids Foamer, Kids wipes and Crackling Mousse †¢ The hair color brand â€Å"Hint of Tint† was launched in Canada. †¢ Bio Oil achieved a â€Å"Signature Brand Status† in Boots – one of the highest rated qualifications for a product finding excellent consumer franchise. Rapidol Pty Ltd. †¢ Sales for the quarter were ZAR 21. 7 million as compared to ZAR 20. 50 million in the same quarter of the previous year . †¢ PAT for the quarter was ZAR 2. 6 million compared to ZAR 1. 3 million in Q2 FY2007-08 . †¢ Inecto† – Super Black, the largest sell ing hair color sub-brand in Rapidol portfolio launched its 30 Years Birthday celebrations promotions achieving a record growth in sales during the quarter. †¢ Launched two new colors under the â€Å"Inecto† Powder Hair Colors (PHC) range. The new colors Natural Brown and Auburn have been extremely successful. Kinky Group Proprietary Ltd. â€Å"Renew† Hair Colors marketed and distributed by Rapidol in South Africa for GCPL, has found excellent support Godrej Global Mideast FZE (GGME) †¢ GGME is a 100% subsidiary of Godrej International Ltd and distributes its soaps, hair colours and toiletries in the GCC and other adjacent countries †¢ Sales for the quarter under review were AED 2. 4 million †¢ New Cinthol Deo Spray launched is rolling out successfully in to new markets of GCC and the Middle East and getting new listing in retail chains Kinky Group (Proprietary) Ltd. (Kinky) †¢ This represented the second quarter of performance of the Company as a subsidiary of GCPL. For the quarter under review the Company’s sales amounted to ZAR 22. 45 million. †¢ Kinky sells a variety of products which include hair braids, hair pieces, wigs and wefted pieces along with hair accessories like styling gels, hair sprays and oil free shampoo. †¢ Kinky products are manufactured at plants located in South Africa at Johannesburg and Durban and the final products are sold through cash n carry outlets and owned stores. †¢ Opened a new â€Å"Kinky† Owned store in King Williams town, which became the 17th Owned Store for the Company. This was in quick succession to the 16th Owned store that was opened in the previous quarter after GCPL’s acquisition of the â€Å"Kinky† business. Owned Store model for the â€Å"Kinky† business is the driver for the image of the â€Å"Kinky† products, service to the consumers, pricing power and execution of high standard of merchandising which differentiates â€Å"Kinky† from the rest of the brands in this category. Installed new Information Technology systems, including Syspro and upgrading hardware as well as connectivity between factories and the H. O. and between H. O. and the Owned retail stores. Tied-up strong suppliers for raw material from China to ensure sufficient stocks to meet the growth plans †¢ The Company increased prices to match up with sharp increase in input costs which were rising in Q 1 and Q 2 and the Rand depreciating vs. US $. Godrej Consumer Products Limited. (GCPL) is one of the leading companies in the Indian FMCG market with presence in the personal and household care products. It is also one of the largest marketers of toilet soaps in the country with leading brands such as Cinthol, Godrej Fairglow and Godrej No. 1. The Company has manufacturing acilities at Malanpur (Madhya Pradesh) Baddi- Thana (Himachal Pradesh), Baddi- Katha (Himachal Pradesh), Sikkim and Guwahati (Assam). With the acquisition of 100% ownership of Keyline Brands Limited, a FMCG Company in the United Kingdom, GCPL now owns international brands and trademarks in developed markets that include Europe, Australia and Canada. The acquisition of Rapidol (Pty. ) Ltd. , South Africa ha s given GCPL ownership of Inecto and other brands in several African countries. GCPL has a 50:50 joint venture with SCA Hygiene Products AB, Sweden, known as Godrej SCA Hygiene Limited. GCPL acquired Godrej Global Mideast FZE, a 100% subsidiary of Godrej International Limited. GCPL completed the acquisition of Kinky Group (Proprietary) Ltd. , one of the leaders in the South African hair business. With this GCPL gains entry into a new line of business in the hair product portfolio. Chapter4: SWOT analysis SWOT analysis of Godrej Interio STRENGTHS: †¢ The company has wide range of branches within the country †¢ The company has wide range of product line †¢ It has a respectable and believable brand name †¢ It has large number of customers with higher satisfaction WEAKNESS: †¢ The company does not go for advertising which is one the biggest disadvantages of Godrej interio. †¢ Manpower is less at the sales officers level which directly effects on sales of the company. †¢ Lack of effective selling schemes like payment on installments etc. †¢ The sales force is not properly trained. OPPURTUNITIES: †¢ Godrej has more opportunities to grow as it has earned a good market share in the country †¢ Technical up gradation from time to time is also one of the opportunities THREATS: †¢ Growing competition in the furniture sector is a threat for Godrej